Blogging through Invitation to Sociology (2024)

 W 13.1 May 27, 2024 SUMAARY:  Today's class focused on the male-female gap, highlighting several differences in what men and women generally seek. These differences are influenced by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, though it's important to note that individual variations are even greater. Broadly speaking, women tend to prefer more stable and secure environments, which can be explained through evolutionary psychology. Stability and safety are crucial for survival and reproduction. Conversely, men often gravitate towards adventure and challenges, potentially linked to the influence of testosterone, a male hormone. Women typically place a higher value on relationship-building and communication, driven by the desire to create and maintain social networks through intimacy. Men, on the other hand, often prioritize achievement and goal attainment, which are significant factors in terms of survival and reproduction. Psychologically, women are generally more ade...

  Summary a sociologist Gender - Social status perceived by individuals within culturally established names of male and female behavior - a person who means a male or female ego - You want to classify others from the perspective of self-expression.  Sex- Generally refers to the category of social composition and distribution of individuals based on biological factors detected in medicine, religion, and home the distinction between cis-sex/gender people and trans-sex/gender people  cis sex/gender people - those who conform to existing concepts of sex and gender within a given social, historical, cultural, political and scientific context Cisgender men learn and display symbols, codes and clues that will be designated as men at birth, then as boys first and then as men later -> He follows the screenplay presented for men in his social world Transsex/gender people - those who do not conform to existing concepts of gender within a given social, historical, cultural, politi...

1. Summary People's perceptions of sex as well as gender have a profound impact on individuals and society. For individuals, a person's perception of their self-identity and mental health has important implications. If a person's gender identity does not match their biological sex, it may cause gender anxiety or gender dysphoria. Sexual orientation (e.g., heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, etc.) is likewise an important part of an individual's identity. Identifying with and accepting one's sexual orientation is critical to an individual's mental health and well-being. Societal attitudes towards sexuality and gender can lead to individuals experiencing psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and lowered self-esteem. An accepting and supportive social environment can help individuals better cope with these challenges and promote mental health. For society, perceptions of sex and gender affect social structures and norms. Gender roles and norms sha...

1. Summary Social inequality refers to a state of imbalance in the distribution of social resources and opportunities, resulting in very marked differences between different groups in terms of economy, education, health, political power and so on. There are five systems of social inequality:  wealth inequality , treatment and responsibility inequality, political inequality, life inequality, and membership inequality.  The causes of social inequality are complex and diverse, including historical legacies, systemic discrimination, economic structures, education systems, cultural traditions and so on. Addressing social inequality requires a combination of many factors and gradual improvement through policy adjustments, social reforms and raising public awareness. 2. Interesting points There are many non-stop phenomena in society. For example, inequality in education. There are gaps between different groups in terms of access to and quality of education. Inequality in educat...

  1. Summary This chapter deals with gender. "Gender" refers to the social position an individual perceives or projects within a culturally established name between masculine and feminine behavior. However, sex generally refers to the allocation of individuals into socially constructed categories based on medical, religious, familial, and/or perceived genetic and biological factors by government authorities. Based on this gender, it deals with interesting topics such as patriarchy and gender discrimination between men and women. 2. an interesting point The job gap between men and women was very interesting. Women's and men's participation in labor went through a big change with the advent of capitalism. Since 1971, the labor participation rate of women has increased significantly, but they still earn an average of $17,000 less than men. Women are concentrated in low-wage jobs, and the wage gap exists. In particular, there is a "glass cliff" phenomenon, earni...

1. summary Sociologists say that by the difference between geners and sexes, "gender" simply means an attempt to classify not only the male or female self, but also others in terms of the expression of the male or female self. However, sex generally means being socially categorized based on genetic and biological factors perceived by medical, religious, or government authorities. There are several distinct physiological differences between men and women. The average height and weight of men and women are different because they are different in genitals and sex chromosomes. Also, women often outlive men. The age of sitting, getting wet, and walking occurs around the same time for both women and men, but men reach puberty on average of two years later than women. There are gender differences, too, in labor and education.   2. interesting points It was memorable that the labor participation rate of women increased significantly from 1971 to the early 2020s. This is because i...

1. summary Social inequality occurs when resources within society are unevenly distributed and is also affected by factors such as power, religion, fame, gender, age, sexual taste, and class. Social inequality can be classified into an egalitarian society, a class society, and a stratified society. There are also five types of institutions and types: wealth inequality, inequality of treatment and responsibility, political inequality, inequality in life, and member inequality. There are two types of status in society: attributed characteristics and achieved characteristics. Inequality leads to people's conflict and dissatisfaction, and economic factors such as deindustrialization, economic liberalization, and deregulation lead to the formation of 'alienated' precariat with low job security, high inequality, and wage stagnation, which support populism. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a total measure that combines an individual's work experience and an individual's econo...

  Summary Social inequality 1. Meaning of lack of equality of results (general) 2. Lack of equality in access to opportunities Occur when resources within society are unevenly distributed - often as a result of unequal allocation practices that produce distinct inequality patterns based on the category of socially defined people Differences in approaches to social goods -> Influences of factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, age, and class In general, income or wealth inequality distribution base -> Related to economic inequality Economics, Sociology: Using different theoretical approaches to investigate and explain economic inequality However, active participation in both areas Social and natural resources other than pure economic resources: uneven distribution in most societies, contributing to social status Allocation norms: access to public goods, impact on financial services an interesting point It was surprising that most social and natural resources were also distrib...

1.  Summary  The readings on women's participation in the labor force highlight significant historical shifts and persistent inequalities. Initially crucial in agricultural and household roles, women's engagement in paid labor fluctuated with industrialization and capitalism. Today, despite increased workforce entry and educational attainment, gender disparities persist, with women often relegated to lower-paying, less prestigious "pink collar" jobs. The wage gap remains substantial, with women earning less than men across all education levels and job categories (Materials, 2024). 2. New Insights  One compelling revelation is the nuanced role of customer bias influencing wage differentials. Research suggests customers favor interactions with white males, impacting performance evaluations and pay scales (Hekman et al., 2009). This underscores deeper systemic biases influencing economic outcomes beyond employer practices alone. 3. Discussion Angle  A critical question ...

  Summary: The text delves into the progress and persisting disparities in educational attainment between men and women, highlighting women's advancements in college attendance and degree attainment. It also discusses the prevalence of sexism, encompassing beliefs in gender superiority and discrimination in various spheres, such as employment and wealth distribution. The media's role in perpetuating sexist attitudes, particularly in sports coverage, is examined. Additionally, violence against women and trans individuals is discussed as a manifestation of sexism, emphasizing the need for continued efforts to address systemic inequalities. New Insights: One intriguing aspect is the discussion on how female teachers' math anxiety can influence girls' attitudes towards math negatively, perpetuating gender disparities in STEM fields. This highlights the importance of addressing implicit biases within educational systems to foster gender equality in academic and professional ...

summary Sociologists further distinguish between cis sex/gender and trans sex/gender.  Cis sex/gender people are people who conform to existing notions of sex and gender within a given social, historical, cultural, political, and scientific context. For example, cissex men are assigned male at birth (depending on interpretation of biological data) and strive to remain male throughout their lives. Likewise, cisgender men are assigned male at birth (according to interpretations of biological data) and seek to learn and display symbols, codes, and cues to be interpreted (according to society's existing gender norms). himself and others) first as a boy and later as a man. Therefore, he will follow the script set for men in his social world. Transgender/gendered people are people who do not conform to established concepts of sex and gender within a given social, historical, cultural, political, or scientific context. For example, transgender men (sometimes referred to as female-to-male ...

  Summary Racial and ethnic inequality stems from systemic racism, leading to reduced opportunities and persistent cycles of poverty and marginalization. Examples include historical redlining in Chicago and mass incarceration disproportionately affecting African Americans and Hispanics. Age inequality, or ageism, involves discrimination based on age, affecting both the young and elderly, particularly in the labor market. Health inequalities are influenced by socioeconomic status and access to healthcare, with privatized systems like in the U.S. exacerbating these disparities. Global inequality highlights the uneven distribution of wealth between developed and developing countries, impacting economic growth and stability. New and Interesting Insights It was surprising to learn that despite the U.S. abolition of slavery over 150 years ago, African Americans own only slightly more national wealth today than they did immediately post-emancipation. Additionally, the disproportionate rep...

summary Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of unequal allocation practices that create distinct patterns of inequality according to socially defined categories of people. Differences in access to social goods within a society are influenced by factors such as power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class. Social inequality generally refers to a lack of equality of outcomes, but it can also be conceptualized as a lack of equality of access to opportunities.  Social inequality is usually associated with economic inequality, which is explained based on unequal distribution of income or wealth. Although the fields of economics and sociology typically use different theoretical approaches to examine and explain economic inequality, both fields are actively engaged in studying these inequalities. However, other than purely economic resources, social and natural resources are...

 1. Summary Social inequality occurs when resources within society are unevenly distributed, and differences in the way we approach social goods within society are affected by several factors. Social inequality is generally associated with economic inequality, which is explained on the basis of unequal distribution of income or wealth. Social inequality is formed by various structural factors such as geographic location and citizenship status. Therefore, social inequality can be very low in a simple society, that is, a society where members have few social roles and positions. Social inequality can be classified into an equal society, a hierarchical society, and a hierarchical society. In addition, there are fives systems of social inequality: wealth inequality, treatment and responsibility inequality, political inequality, life inequality, and member inequality. Social stats is divided into two types : attribution characteristics and achievement characteristics. An individual's so...