Blogging through Invitation to Sociology (2024)

 What I learned through this class was a class that made me once again convinced of what I wanted to learn. As I mentioned in my first blog, I wanted to study sociology. I wanted to know more about society in more detail, depth, and accuracy, as I am currently in the middle of the process of people born as individuals forming a family and building a society as a community. I wanted to study more and this is what I aimed for. I asked many questions, wondering if I had made the wrong choice or if I would regret it in the future, and the answers were unclear. However, I was able to learn information sociology, even if it was shallow, through the class, and through that learning, I was able to gain confidence in myself. I may not regret my choice thanks to this class. Of course, since I am currently enrolled in the ``Department of Information Society and Media Studies,'' this class, which is the ``Introduction to Information Sociology'' lecture, is likely to be the first an...

  1. Summary:  Demography is the study of human population dynamics. This involves the study of how populations change over time. The reason for studying demography is to explain sociological phenomena by first converting them to demographic indicators for possible explanations before proposing complex theories. The development of demographic calculations began in the 18th century. The most important indicators of population change are birth rate and death rate. One of the strongest predictors of fertility is women's educational attainment. Women's educational achievement and birth rate have an inverse relationship and also have an inverse relationship with national development. In the case of mortality, the more education one receives, the longer one is expected to live, and wealth, race, and job satisfaction are among the factors that affect mortality. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn:  Questions were being raised about whether it was actually possible to meas...

 1. Summary: Technology refers to a collection of techniques, methods, or processes used to achieve a goal, such as production or research. Knowledge of technology can also be included in technology, and cars can also be considered a form of technology because they allow us to achieve specific goals. A representative example of modern technology is the mobile phone. It's clear that cell phones have had many positive effects on us, but research shows that many people report high levels of anxiety when separated from their phones. Social networks also follow a similar pattern. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn:  I think any technology has a double-edged sword. In the case of mobile phones, there were many advantages, but the development of networks created a new form of anxiety that caused alienation in those who did not belong to it, so the causal relationship was that society was changed by technology rather than technology being created by people. I thought it was mo...

 1.Summary: Race refers to a group of humans differentiated from other humans based on real or imagined substantive differences. Ethnicity is related to race, but refers to social characteristics shared by human populations rather than physical characteristics. Characteristics used in ethnic classification include nationality, tribe, religion, and language.  Examples of ethnic groups in the United States include Hispanic or Latino. In the United States, software programs were used to calculate individuals' genetic profiles, and it was argued that the determinants of America's genetic structure were highly correlated with self-described race rather than current residence. Racism encompasses the belief that one race is superior or inferior, the idea that people should be treated differently depending on their race, and the actual discriminatory treatment that occurs. Structural racism refers to inequality built into an organization or system. In fact, candidates recognized as ha...

 1.Summary: Sociologists distinguish between sex and gender and between six-sex/gender people and transgender sex/gender people. Cis sex/gender people are people who adhere to existing concepts of sex and gender in a given social, historical, and other context. In contrast, transgender sex/gender people are people who do not conform to existing concepts. Like sex, gender is a socially constructed interpretation of human behavior patterns. Sex, like sex, is fluid and can change. For example, a child raised as a male may later engage in female behavior, and the same can happen to women. However, it is clear that clear physiological differences between the sexes exist. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn:  I thought that although I could not decide my biological gender, I could decide my social gender. If you were born a man but are interested in what women do in society, you can do it. If you were born a woman but want to be masculine, you can live like a man. However, I ...

 1. Summary: Social inequality occurs as a result of uneven distribution of resources within society, creating an unequal pattern. In societies where members occupy few social roles and positions, social inequality can be very low. This culture is in contrast to a materially oriented culture that values ​​status and wealth and causes conflict.  Status in society is divided into characteristics and achieved characteristics. Ascribed traits are traits that exist at birth and cannot be controlled by others. Accomplished characteristics are characteristics that a person acquires as he or she lives. An individual's social status is often a combination of attribution and achievement factors. Modern Western society is usually divided into upper class, middle class, and lower class. Boxweber used social class to examine wealth and status. The quantitative variables most often used as indicators of social inequality are income and wealth. If this is expressed as an objective indicator,...

 1. Summary: Social stratification refers to the classification of people into groups based on socioeconomic factors. This is the relative social position of people within a social unit. The concept of social stratification is often used and interpreted differently within a particular theory. For example, in the social sciences, proponents of behavioral theory say that social stratification was created to maintain social order and provide a stable social structure. All complex societies are characterized by stratification. The term stratification system is sometimes used to refer to complex social relationships and social structures. Social mobility refers to the movement of people, including individuals and social groups, within a class system. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn:  It got me thinking about social mobility. In the past, stratification would have been more severe, so class mobility, or social mobility, would have been significantly restricted. Neverthele...

  1. Summary: Drama speculation refers to a sociological perspective that explains and analyzes social interactions through the analogy of theatrical drama. The dramatic perspective is one of several sociological paradigms that are separate from other sociological theories or theoretical frameworks because they analyze the context rather than examine the causes of human behavior. Therefore, there is room for controversy in sociology. According to Goffman, there are seven important elements related to performance: belief in the part played, foregrounding, dramatic realization, idealization, maintenance of expressiveness, misrepresentation, and mystification. Within society, individuals are expected to present themselves in a certain way and behave differently in front of an audience, which led to the development of the idea of ​​a front stage. Just as we say that the back stage is a place where performers can relax, we also say that behind the scenes, we let go of everything and fee...

 1.Summary: Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that states that humans create common symbols and meanings and use them for practical purposes. It talks about how individuals interact with each other and how society preserves this.George Herbert Mead is the person who invented symbolic interaction. His book is said to be special in that he did not include detailed stories about the thesis, but rather compiled the class notes and conversations of students. His student, Herbert Blumer, coined and summarized the term symbolic interaction. This theory assumes that people do not respond directly to reality, but rather respond indirectly, that is, to social understandings of reality. The three premises of this theory are that humans act toward things based on the meanings they give to them, and that the meanings of those things are derived or originate from interactions with other people and society. Finally, the meaning is said to be processed and modified through the inter...

 1.Summary: A social network is a social structure composed of social interactions. Therefore, these social network analyzes are used to investigate network dynamics or identify global patterns. Social network theory is a useful theoretical structure for studying relationships between societies, but it has the disadvantage that individual institutions can be ignored. It is useful for a wide range of research enterprises, mostly because it analyzes intergroup influences. Social networks are distinguished according to network level. The micro level is the microscopic level, where the smallest unit of analysis is the ego. At the meso level, we start with population size, so the unit of organization is the basic unit. The macro level is the macro level of analysis that analyzes interactions such as economic and resource transfer interactions across large populations. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn: The concept is a structural hole. I thought it had a negative meaning in the...

1.Summary: Social structure is a collection of continuous and relatively stable relationships that has a significant impact on social systems such as economy, law, and culture. Social structure exists inherent in society. Ferdinand Toniës argued that only the constitution of the crowd through unity creates social structure, and Durkheim distinguished structural relationships into mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. The concept of social structure was developed extensively in the 20th century. Social structure can be divided into microstructure and macrostructure. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn: Although I had basic knowledge of social structure, I learned something new about its division into normative structure, ideal structure, interest structure, and interaction structure. I would like to learn more about how social structure affects society. 3. Discussion Point: What did society look like before social structures were formed?

1.Summary: Deviance is an act that violates norms and is divided into formal deviance and informal deviance. Official deviance refers to acts such as theft and murder, while unofficial deviance refers to acts such as talking loudly or picking one's nose in a public place. Recent psychological research suggests that boys with behavioral disorders have differences in brain structure and that these differences exist throughout childhood and adolescence. A typology of deviant behavior is a classification system designed to aid understanding. There are a total of five standards: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retrogression, and rebellion. Deviance can be the result of accepting a norm, but it can also be the result of breaking other norms in pursuit of the norm. Viewing deviance from a structural-functionalist approach helps distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable deviant behavior. If you look at it from a conflict theory approach, it is possible to interpret how criminal be...

1.summary Socialization is a kind of learning process that allows ignorant humans to be in harmony with others. Socialization is a process that helps function in human society, but it is not learned in all aspects of human behavior. Socialization is divided into the first and the second, the first is basic socialization that occurs in children and adolescents, and the second is an additional activity that occurs, and it is easy to think of it as something we experience as we adapt to the new environment. Most of the cases that have not undergone socialization are likely to be intentional abuse. They cannot learn the language, walk upright, and are problematic in managing their bodies. 2.What wasn’t interesting/what did you learn  I have seen cases where a child who has lived with a gorilla behaves like a gorilla, and gorillas also perceive a child as their member. I think socialization is the process of becoming a member of the group. I think it determines a person's personality an...

  1.Summary  : Government generally refers to the system and group of people who govern a state. It consists of legislative, judicial, and executive departments, and generally governs according to the Constitution. The early government formed the foundation of government as the population increased after the agriculture that created surplus production was born. The boundaries of politics are ambiguous with each other, so it is difficult to classify them. Plato divided government into five types: aristocracy, democracy, oligarchy, timocrites, tyranny, and so on Democracy conducts politics by choosing the policy of the state through voting or by someone who will represent the citizens Most governments are managed by members of political parties, and one or more parties with an absolute majority of seats in parliament appear as the ruling party. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn: It is interesting that agriculture was the trigger for the early government to appear. In th...

1.Summary: In government, authority is often used interchangeably with the term power. However, authority refers to a claim to the right to exercise justified power. Max Weber divided authority into three categories. These are rational law, traditional authority, and charismatic authority. Because the government has authority, it has the right to force people to behave in certain ways based on its authority. Therefore, the government can use violence to suppress individual behavior. The forms of government are divided into democracy, monarchy, totalitarianism, oligarchy, communism, and political parties. Recent studies show that the gap between conservatives and liberals is widening. As the conflict over these political views becomes stronger, people are able to move to places where people who share their views live through media and social networks. 2. What was interesting/what did you learn: This is Sweden's multi-party system. No party can gain power alone. A multiparty system i...

 1. Summary: Economic sociology is the study of the social causes and consequences of various economic phenomena and can be divided into the classical and modern periods. In the classical era, there was a lot of interest in the compositional aspect, and sociology arose as a response to capitalist modernity, so the term economic sociology was created and later became common as it was used in works. Economic sociology is considered the intersection of economics and sociology and studies the social interactions of economic exchange. There is an argument that economics is also an answer to economics' attempt to bring an economic approach to the analysis of social situations, with sociologists attempting to redefine problems in sociological terms traditionally handled by economists. Socioeconomics can broadly refer to the use of economics in social research. At the local level, socioeconomic systems describe the ways in which economic factors affect communities, and environmental risk i...

  1. 1. Summary:   The ancient economy was primarily based on subsistence agriculture. The exchange of goods took place through social relationships. The Babylonians' economic ideas developed into today's legal and administrative systems. The trades of the Middle Ages were similar to what we call today's economy. Many explorers, such as Columbus, attempted to conquer other lands, and these eventually developed into trade.  Capitalism is an economic and social system in which capital and non-labor factors or means of production are privately controlled. The origins of modern markets date back to the Roman Empire, where business organizations were introduced by merchants of the time. (loan, exchange rate, etc.) The economic system, which was expressed as mercantilism, changed to capitalism and reached a commercial stage with the establishment of the East India Company. Capitalist economics argues that goods, money, labor force, means of production, and production develop th...

1. Summary  Sociology of religion is a discipline that analyzes religion using the tools and methods of sociology. However, it is distinct from the philosophy of religion in that it is not intended to evaluate the validity of religious beliefs. In classical sociology, Karl Marx argues that religion is used as a tool to justify the alienation resulting from the gap between capitalists and workers. Marx also used the metaphor, ‘Religion is the opium of the people.’ Emil Dirkheim defined a clear distinction between the sacred and the profane and followed the positivist tradition. Max Weber argued that religious behavior must be understood from the perspective of a religious person. Each religious group has its own typology. A sect is different from a church, and a denomination exists between a church and a sect. Denominations emerge when churches lose their religious monopoly in society. Because there are different churches, denominations, and sects within the framework of religion, t...

1. 1. Summary:  Émile Durkheim argued that, unlike everyday social elements, sacred things constitute religion. For example, in Judaism, the Torah is a sacred entity, but to ordinary people it is just a toy. If national monuments related to nationalism are considered sacred, it too can become a religion. Social scientists define religion as an attempt to answer existential questions or as a group's collective beliefs and rituals related to the supernatural. With regard to religion, the church's basic goal is to spread religious beliefs, but it is generally tied to the political and economic structures of society. A denomination is a similar concept to a church, but it becomes a denomination when a church loses its religious monopoly in society. In other words, the interaction between the state and secular power increases. A sect is a religious group that generally criticizes the liberal tendencies of a denomination and advocates its return as a true religion. The structural fun...

 Trying to be rational. Humans are animals governed by emotions. When someone swears at them, humans usually feel angry, embarrassed, or even sad. No one will be able to rationally judge the situation and analyze the causal relationship. I believe that humans are animals that are dominated by emotions but live by being governed by reason. I think ‘rational’ is a word that requires perfection. If you tell someone to ‘judge rationally’, it means ‘make the most efficient judgment that you can realistically make, excluding emotions.’ Humans are imperfect beings. I believe that the source of human imperfection is ‘emotional.’ That's why humans are not rational Additional materials In the 1970s, two psychologists proved, once and for all, that humans are not rational creatures. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky discovered “cognitive biases,”  showing that that humans systematically make choices that defy clear logic. https://qz.com/922924/humans-werent-designed-to-be-rational-an...