Blogging through Invitation to Sociology (2024)

 1. Summary technology influences various aspects of life, from daily communication to social norms and cognitive skills. Its benefits and drawbacks are closely tied to how it is used and integrated into daily activities.Technology encompasses the collection of techniques, methods, or processes used in the production of goods and services or in achieving specific objectives, such as scientific investigation. It includes knowledge of techniques and processes as well as their application in machines, computers, devices, and factories. Individuals can use these technological tools without needing to understand their intricate workings. For instance, farming techniques, electric car manufacturing processes, and computer assembly methods are all considered forms of technology. 2. Interesting 68% of Americans participating. Gaming demographics show a gender difference, with more boys than girls playing video games. While gaming is generally not associated with negative health impacts amo...

 1.summary This article provides a high-level overview of race and ethnicity, their historical and modern definitions, and their social implications. Ancient classifications, such as in the Egyptian "Book of Gates," combined racial and ethnic differences. Scientific attempts to classify race began in the 17th century, aligning with European colonization. 19th-century scientists like Cuvier and Blumenbach argued that races were objective, natural divisions with distinct characteristics affecting social and cultural behaviors.Early racial theories were essentialist (unchanging characteristics) and taxonomic (hierarchical classification).Darwinian evolution and Mendelian genetics challenged these views, leading to reconsideration of race's scientific validity. 2.interesting Prejudice involves forming judgments about individuals or groups before knowing the full facts.It is generally negative and can lead to discrimination, though the two are distinct concepts.Bias develops f...

 Summarize Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals in a society based on socioeconomic factors such as wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, and power. This hierarchy places individuals into different levels of privileges and social positions within a group, region, or social unit. In contemporary Western societies, social stratification is often defined by three primary social classes: the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. Each of these can be further divided into sub-strata. Stratification can also be based on kinship, clan , tribe, or caste. interesting Davis-Moore Hypothesis' Functionalism theory posits that social inequality is necessary for the smooth functioning of society, arguing that more functionally important positions require greater rewards to motivate individuals to fill them. Karl Marx argued that social stratification arises from the economic relationships between classes...

 Summary This text analysis throughout the chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the sex/gender system, its historical and social context, and its implications for individuals and society. Sociologists distinguish between "gender" and "sex." Gender is seen as a social location within cultural norms of masculinity and femininity, while sex is a categorization based on perceived genetic and biological factors. This section also differentiates between cisgender and transgender individuals, highlighting the societal norms and expectations that shape these identities. Intersting Historically, scientific communities have categorized humans into two sexes based on reproductive roles and chromosomal typologies (XX for females, XY for males). However, this binary view oversimplifies the complexity of human biology and excludes many genetic variations. The text critiques the "two sexes" model as an ideological construct rather than an empirical re...

 1.summary Social stratification is the categorization of individuals in a society into groups based on various socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power. It represents a hierarchy within society that assigns different levels of privileges to different groups. In modern Western societies, social stratification is often divided into three main classes: upper class, middle class, and lower class, with each class further subdivided into upper-stratum, middle-stratum, and lower stratum. However, stratification can also be based on kinship, clan, tribe, or caste. The origins of social stratification are debated, with some arguing it emerged in complex state-based or feudal societies, while others suggest it may have existed in simpler hunter-gatherer or tribal societies. Regardless, social stratification arises from inequalities of status among individuals, with the degree of social inequality determining a...

1.Summary Goffman's dramaturgical theory has been applied to various social phenomena, including social movements, online identity construction, and theatrical performances. 2.Discussion The pursuit of essence is human beings' superficial understanding of things, and the pursuit of differences is human beings' deep understanding of things. Essence can be applied and labeled. It is a superficial understanding of things and is the process of people's understanding of the world. Lazy means. It is believed that as long as you master the essence of things, you have mastered everything about them, that is, you can transform cognition into action. Therefore, I believe that constructing essence is the first step to understand things, and constructing differences is the most important thing to understand things. People should construct their understanding of differences by constructing essence. Whether it is playing games, reading novels, getting drunk, or skydiving, all kinds o...

 1. Summary This article introduces symbolic interactionism, which has its roots in George Herbert Mead's philosophy of pragmatism and was further developed by Herbert Blumer. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how individuals create and interpret symbols to construct meaning in interaction. The theory emphasizes the role of language and communication in shaping social reality and understanding human behavior. The five core ideas of symbolic interactionism include an emphasis on social interaction as the basis for understanding human behavior, the role of human thinking in shaping behavior, the importance of individuals defining their social environment, the impact of current social interactions on behavior, and individuals actively participating in shaping their environment. Key themes of symbolic interactionism include the principles of meaning, language, and thinking, as well as the concepts of human agency, interactional determination, symbolization, and emergence. These themes...

SUMMARY The article provides a comprehensive exploration of social network theory, its historical development, theoretical underpinnings, and practical applications across diverse fields. Social networks are structures composed of social actors, their ties, and interactions.The field emerged from disciplines like social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory,and offers methods for analyzing social structures, identifying patterns, and studying network dynamics. Early precursors include the works of sociologists like Georg Simmel and Jacob Moreno.Development accelerated in the 1930s with systematic recording and analysis of social interaction. Later contributions came from scholars like Talcott Parsons, leading to the integration of different traditions by the 1970s. INTERSTING Micro-level focuses on individuals and their immediate social contexts, such as dyads and triads.Examining populations falling between micro and macro levels, often revealing connections between them...

 1.SUMMARY The overview of social structure emphasizes the idea that the enduring relationships or bonds between individuals or groups of individuals.In a general sense, the term can refer to:entities or groups in definite relation to each other, relatively enduring patterns of behavior and relationship within a society, or social institutions and norms becoming embedded into social systems in such a way that they shape the behavior of actors within those social systems. society is organized into groups or sets of roles with different functions, meanings, or purposes. Social stratification, for instance, separates society into different levels based on social distinctions like race, class, disability, or gender. Embeddedness is a concept introduced to explain how social structure influences individual behavior, emphasizing that human actions are enmeshed in personal relationships. Historically, scholars like Tocqueville, Marx, Weber, Tönnies, and Durkheim contributed to understandi...

 China's ruling party has gradually deepened its political and ideological control over the country. I think this is caused by both external and internal environments. China has a long history of monarchy, and personality cult is very common in Chinese history. The monarchy requires high personal qualities of the monarch. This is an internal historical reason. After the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly, the society is impetuous, and people lack religious beliefs. This is the problem that the Chinese government is most worried about, but I think this is caused by the third-person effect. The government always thinks that people are easily unpatriotic, which is also the reason why the government strengthens ideological control. These are internal reasons; China's development has affected the interests of many old capitalists. The world's attention to China has gradually increased, which has led to panic in the Chinese government. Many shortcomi...

 1.SUMMARY The excerpt introduces key concepts, theories, and empirical data related to deviance, providing a foundation for understanding its sociological dimensions and implications. Deviance is defined as any behavior that violates cultural norms, which can be categorized into two types: formal deviance, referring to violations of formally enacted laws, and informal deviance, referring to violations of informal social norms.Deviance varies across cultures due to the relativity of cultural norms. Examples illustrate how norms differ from one society to another, influencing what constitutes deviant behavior. Considerations of deviance extend beyond sociology, with research from neuroscience and psychology suggesting biological influences on deviant behavior.Merton's typology classifies deviant behavior based on adherence to cultural goals and means, including conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.This perspective views deviance as serving several functions i...

 1.SUMMARY The text covering its goals, processes, types, and significance. It outlines three primary goals of socialization according to Arnett: impulse control, role preparation, and cultivation of sources of meaning. The cultural relativity of socialization is emphasized, highlighting differences based on various social locations. The distinction between primary and secondary socialization is explained, focusing on differences in content, context, and response across different life stages. Arnett's differentiation between broad and narrow socialization is introduced, underscoring the importance of understanding the range of outcomes influenced by socialization. The concept of total institutions, such as prisons and mental health facilities, is explored, emphasizing their role in resocializing individuals. The process of "mortification of the self" in total institutions is discussed as a means of shaping individuals according to societal norms. 2.INTRESTING Long and Had...

1.summary: This article provides an extensive overview of the concept of government. The article defines government as the system or group of people governing an organized community, typically consisting of legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. It highlights the role of government in enforcing organizational policies and determining policy.It categorizes modern political systems into democracies, totalitarian regimes, authoritarian regimes, and hybrid regimes. Additionally, it discusses historical forms of government such as monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, theocracy, and tyranny.The word "government" originates from the Greek verb meaning "to steer" and has evolved over time. The article explores the emergence of early governments in ancient civilizations like Sumer, ancient Egypt, and the Indus Valley, attributing their development to factors such as agriculture and infrastructure management. It examines the prevalence of republican forms of government ...

 1.Summary The text offers a comprehensive overview of politics, covering a wide range of topics from theoretical concepts to practical applications, and from global governance systems to societal inequalities. It defines politics as the process through which groups of people make social and economic decisions. Besides the text examines the concepts of power and authority, highlighting their distinctions. Power refers to the ability to influence the behavior of others, while authority involves a claim of legitimacy and the right to exercise power. The text illustrates these concepts through examples such as Barack Obama's authority derived from a rational-legal system and King Abdullah's authority derived from tradition. Additionally, it discusses the role of violence in governance and how governments use authority to justify the use of power, creating a paradoxical relationship between authority and violence.The text provides detailed explanations of various forms of governmen...

1.Summary This article the article emphasizes the interconnectedness of socioeconomic systems and their environmental consequences, from local to global levels. It underscores the need for holistic approaches to address the complex challenges arising from these interactions. In the first part, the article explores the field of socioeconomics, which examines how economic activities interact with and are influenced by social processes. It encompasses various perspectives, including the use of economics in studying society, behavioral interactions among individuals and groups, and the relationship between economic science and social values. Socioeconomics also involves multidisciplinary approaches from fields like sociology, history, and political science. Then, the article highlights the impact of socioeconomic systems on the environment, focusing on factors such as deforestation, pollution, natural disasters, and changes in household dynamics. Deforestation, driven by factors like popul...

1. Summary The main argument from  Jonathan Haidt   is about self-transcendence. He used an example of climbing staircase.  To demonstrate the impact of higher-level spiritual existence on human values.But at the same time, he believes that humans do not need to rely on religion to climb this staircase. Humans can also climb this staircase while experiencing nature or celebrating in bars. 2. Interest Similarly, war can also bring strong collective emotions to people. So humans have various opportunities to achieve self transcendence, and religion is just one way In addition, he also mentioned that morality has little help for personal interests, but morality has greatly developed in the process of human evolution because it is very beneficial for teams 3. Discussion In fact, due to social experience telling us that the results of team collaboration are often better than those of individual combat, we always release goodwill and cooperate with strangers when we encounter t...

 1. Summary The article introduces knowledge related to economics, including historical development, capitalism, and socialism. The economy encompassed the production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of goods and services within a society It evolves through technological advancements, historical developments, and social structures, influenced by factors such as geography, natural resources, and ecology Karl Marx critiqued capitalism, arguing that it explores labor for surplus value extraction. Max Weber explored the relationship between Protestant ethics and the rise of capitalism, highlighting the role of religious values in economic activity.  In a capitalist economy , markets serve as central exchanges where goods and services are bulky and solid Prices are determined by supply and demand, with competition driving innovation and reasonable pricing. Socialism advocates for public or worker ownership of means of production and resource allocation based on labor expe...

Q： Can you think of other examples in how religion can be used to control people? A：Many religious traditions view men and women as having different gender roles and responsibilities. Women are often expected to assume specific roles in the family and society, such as taking care of the family, having children, and obeying their husbands. This stereotype of gender roles may limit women's development and freedom.

 1.SUMMARY The sociology of religion is a multidisciplinary field that examines religious beliefs, practices, and organizational structures using sociological methods. It emerged with the work of influential figures like Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max Weber , who explored the relationship between religion and society. Theoretical perspectives in the sociology of religion include symbolic anthropology, functionalism, and rationalism, each offering insights into the role of religion in society. A typology of religious groups categorizes them based on tension with society and organizational characteristics. Religiosity is explored through dimensions like belief, knowledge, and experience , with scholars providing frameworks for understanding religious commitment. Secularization theories debate the decline of religiosity in modern societies, with some proposing the theory of religious economy. Other perspectives include Michel Foucault's post-structuralist view of human existence ...

 Q1 what examples of inequality leading to conflict can we think of ? A:The inequality of family power leads to family conflicts, and the power structure is determined by factors such as the age, gender, economic or social status of family members. This inequality may lead to some members feeling marginalized, discriminated against, or having no right to exercise their will and decisions. When certain family members have more power, they may abuse this power, disregarding the feelings and needs of other members, leading to conflicts and dissatisfaction. Weaker members may feel afraid to express their thoughts or opinions because they are concerned about being punished or ignored, which can affect an individual's self-esteem and self affirmation. In order to reduce conflicts and tensions within the family, family members should respect each other and establish equal communication and decision-making mechanisms. Promoting democracy and respect within the family can help family member...