Blogging through Invitation to Sociology (2024)

 1. Summary Demographics are the study of population size, structure, distribution, and changes in population that analyze births, deaths, migration, and aging. It is an important tool to explain social phenomena, evaluating the impact of population growth on historical events, along with political and economic factors. The discipline developed during the scientific and industrial revolutions, and was initially used for life insurance and political purposes. It mainly utilizes data from censuses, births, deaths, and marriage registration, and fertility and mortality are the main indicators. Fertility rates are closely related to women's educational levels and economic opportunities, and mortality rates are affected by hygiene and medical advances. The demographic transition accounts for the transition from high birth rates and mortality to low birth rates and mortality rates, which are mainly attributed to improved sanitation and medical advances. Population growth and excess occur...

 1. Summary A technology is a set of technologies, methods, and processes that aim to produce goods or services or conduct scientific investigations. Technology can be embedded in machines, computers, and devices that individuals can manipulate without the need for operational knowledge, such as agricultural technology and electric vehicle manufacturing technology. Mobile phones are a prime example of modern technology, which has reduced the need for payphones and changed social customs. The norms of use in public places have been formed, and dependence on mobile phones has increased. Social networks are useful for business and personal relationships, but they can leave a history of unpleasant behavior and deprive a small number of students of time for other activities. Video games have benefits such as improved visual attention, but can cause health problems and aggression in a small number of students. There are gender-specific differences in the use of video games. The benefits ...

 1. Summary Race refers to a human group that is distinguished by physical differences, such as skin color or facial features, and is classified from outside, not individuals. It affects social identity and affects the position in the social hierarchy. Ethnicity is associated with race, but it represents a shared social trait, not a physical one. The history of racial classification dates back to the ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman periods, and there have been attempts to classify it scientifically since the 17th century. 19th-century natural scientists claimed that race was an objective and naturally occurring division. Darwin's theory of evolution and Mendel's genetics raised questions about this essentialist approach. The understanding that race is a social construct means that it is a human-made distinction, not the natural world. Examples in the United States and Brazil show that race is socially constructed. Genetic studies show that self-described race is a good indic...

 1. Summary The article discusses the social makeup and effects of sex and gender. Gender is a social category based on genetic and genital composition, which is traditionally divided into male and female. However, human biology is much more complex than the dichotomous model, and there are many genetic variations. Gender is a social position that an individual perceives or projects, and it contains cultural norms for masculine and feminine behavior. Cisgender people have a matching biological and gender identity, while transgender people do not. Depending on the social and historical context, transgender people may be positive or discriminated against. Gender is performed according to social expectations and norms, just like the role of a play, and depends on the reactions of others. Parents and society socialize their children to traditional gender norms, and in the process, children learn to be male or female. This social composition of gender has a deep impact on individuals an...

 1. Summary Social inequality refers to the state in which resources, opportunities, and powers are not evenly distributed within society. These are mainly expressed as economic, educational, racial, gender, and regional differences, and each individual's social background greatly affects their quality of life and opportunities. Economic inequality appears as a gap between income and assets, which leads to inequality in various fields such as health, education, and housing. Educational inequality is caused by differences in learning opportunities and educational levels, which eventually leads to employment opportunities and income gaps. Ethnic inequality is when a particular race or ethnic group is discriminated against and treated unfavorably, which appears in many areas, including housing, employment, and education. Gender inequality refers to the difference in rights and opportunities between men and women, and includes wage gaps, gender discrimination in the workplace, and uneq...

 1. Summary Social stratification is the classification of society into groups based on factors such as wealth, income, race, education, and gender, and is mainly divided into upper, middle, and lower classes and can be further subdivided. It represents the relative social position within society. Social stratification can have various consequences, including stratification of neighbors, depending on spatial and racial factors. The concept of social stratification is used in social science and is explained by four basic principles, which are reproduced between generations, are universal and variable, and include qualitative attitudes and beliefs along with quantitative inequality, and social stratification creates complex relationships in various social structures, and social mobility indicates the movement of individuals or social groups between classes or within. Marxism understands this as an economic structure and a conflict between the rich and the poor, and structural functio...

 1. Summary Dramaturgie explains social interaction micro-socially, and analyzes everyday society through theatrical behavior. The term was first introduced by Irving Goughman in 1956 and applied as sociology in theater. The difference between Goughman and Kenneth Burke's views was that Burke viewed life as a play, but Goughman used play as a metaphor for human interaction. In Dramaturgie, the elements of interaction change according to time, place, and audience, and the goal of self-expression is to receive acceptance from the audience through carefully conducted performances. This behavior is understood as a social behavior designed to improve one's popular self-image. 2. What did I learn As I learned about dramaturgie, I realized that social interactions were understood as if they were a performance in a play. This theory explains the roles we take in our daily lives and the relationships that arise from them by comparing them to actors and audiences in the play. In addition...

 1. Summary Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that creates images and standard meanings through interaction, through which interactions between individuals and the world's interactions are understood. This explains how society is preserved and created through interactions between individuals, and presupposes that individuals share meaning in a social context. The theory was initiated by Mead and Cooley and studies the way the social world is formed through interactions between individuals and the environment. Symbolic interactionism is considered an important concept in microsocial studies and social psychology and is rooted in pragmatic philosophy. 2. what did I learn What we learned about symbolic interactions is that we create and interpret symbolic meanings of interactions as we interact. This affects our understanding of social situations and our actions accordingly. In addition, we gained insight into how interactions affect our social structures and individual...

 1. Summary Social networks are social structures that study social interactions between individuals or organizations. Through theories and methods, we analyze patterns, influential entities, and network dynamics within networks. Social network analysis spans various academic fields such as social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. Early research was done by Georg Zimmel and Jacob Moreno, and along with the mathematical formulation in the 1950s, it became widely distributed in the social science in the 1980s. Social network analysis has become one of the main paradigms of modern sociology, and has also influenced other social and network sciences. Social network theory understands social phenomena through the properties of relationships and developed on the theoretical basis of Emile Durkheim and Ferdinand Tunis. In the 20th century, the work of Georg Zimmel and Jacob Moreno contributed to investigating the characteristics and interactions of networks. In the 1970...

 1. Summary Social structure is a concept that emphasizes the relationship between various entities or groups in society and the patterns of continuous and stable relationships. It indicates that society is separated according to the distinction of race, class, gender, etc., and social treatment can be understood in relation to the background. Structural decisions arise when actions are guided by the basic structure of the social system. Social structure affects the economy, law, politics, and cultural systems, such as family, religion, law, economy, and social class. Social structure has an embedded concept as a factor that influences individual behavior, which means that individual behavior is intertwined in social networks. Historically, Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim have contributed to the concept of social structure. Marx argued that the economic foundation determines other aspects of society, and Durkheim saw that social institutions and practices played an importa...

1. Summary Deviation refers to any behavior that violates social norms. Norms refer to behaviors expected from a particular society or culture, and deviations are divided into two types: formal deviations and informal deviations. Formal deviations are acts that violate officially enacted laws and constitute crimes, such as robbery, theft, rape, murder, and assault. Informal deviations are behaviors that violate social norms that are not codified by law, including picking one's nose or burping loudly. These deviant behaviors can vary greatly from culture to culture. The relativity of deviant behavior comes from the relativity of cultural norms. For example, in the United States, there are no norms restricting speech at certain times, but in the Christian Desert Monastery, speech is prohibited at certain times. This shows that deviations can be defined differently by cultural norms.  In sociology, deviations are studied from various perspectives. It measures crime statistics, investi...

 1. Summary Socialization is the process of preparing humans to function in society, which Arnett describes as three goals. It involves the development of impulse control and conscience, role preparation and performance, and the discovery and cultivation of meaning. Socialization is culturally relative, and takes place differently in different cultures and subcultures. In theory, socialization is divided into primary and secondary. Primary socialization occurs in childhood, and secondary socialization is the process of meeting additional social groups. Arnett distinguishes between broad socialization and narrow socialization, the former promoting independence and individualism, and the latter promoting obedience and conformity. Also, socialization can take place across an entire institution. An entire institution is a place that specializes in resocializing individuals, such as a psychiatric hospital or prison. These institutions often socialize individuals using normative pressure...

 1. Summary This article covers a detailed description of the various concepts and forms of government. First, it interprets the meaning of government in multiple ways, ranging from the concepts that encompass not only the executive branch but also the legislature, judiciary, and other state agencies, to those that are simply limited to the executive branch. Next, it distinguishes the forms of government and analyzes how various forms of government appear according to the separation of powers. The article presents how to distinguish between a state and a government, and distinguish between a monarchy and a republic based on whether the sovereignty of the state rests with an individual or a large number of people. It also introduces how to classify the forms of government and their characteristics, and argues that the separation of legislative, administrative, and judicial powers determines the characteristics of government. In particular, the article describes Korea's form of gover...

 1. Summary Politics is the process of making social and economic decisions, appearing not only in government actions but also in various human group interactions, such as businesses, academia, and religious institutions. Power, authority, and violence are important concepts in political interactions, where power refers to the ability to manage resource allocation, and authority refers to justification and the right to exercise authority. Violence is one of the means governments use to maintain power, and there are various forms of government, including democracy, totalitarianism, communism, monarchy, oligarchy, and theocracy. A political party is a political organization that cooperates to acquire and maintain political power. 2. what did I learn Through these lectures, we were able to learn anew about the scope of politics, the importance of power, the form of government, and the role of political parties. Politics manifests itself throughout social interactions, not just in the ...

 1. Summary Economic sociology is the study of the social effects of economic phenomena. It is divided into the classical and modern eras. In the classical era, the social effects of economic structure and institutions were mainly dealt with, and works by Weber and Zimmel played an important role. Modern economic sociology focuses on the social outcomes and interactions of economic exchange. It is a discipline located at the intersection of economics and sociology. The new economic sociology emphasizes the concept that economic relations between individuals or companies occur and are structured within a social structure, and social network analysis has emerged as an important methodology. This study encompasses various aspects of society. During the 20th century, economic sociology focused on mathematical analysis and utility maximization, but some criticized it for forgetting the nature of social science. Scholars such as Polanyi and Granoveter emphasize the intrinsic nature of th...

 1. Summary The lecture above explains the concept of economy and the history of capitalism. The economy needs the way people use their local environment to address material needs, and a country's economic system includes the production, exchange, distribution, and consumers of goods and services. It does not affect various factors such as technological advancement, history, social organization, instruction, and ecology. With the development of the economy, various types of economies have developed, and the ways in which goods and services were exchanged have developed. With the growth of society, the economy has expanded further, and the elderly economy was largely based on agriculture. As the political system diversified with the development of trade and currency, commerce became active in the era of glasses. Pointer refers to an economy and society in which workers and non-labor production factors are safely controlled. It entered the modern world after the Belarusian era, and d...

 1. Summary This class discusses the evolution and historical impact of religion, the concepts and characteristics of religious sociology, and changes in the perception of religion around the world. In Korea, religion is constantly changing and Buddhism is declining, while the number of people who believe in Christianity is gradually increasing. Most Latin Americans believe in Catholicism, and China has higher religious diversity. The larger the countries, the higher the religious diversity and the darker the color. Religious distrusts were often executed in the past in relation to changes in the perception of religion, but their importance is decreasing today. Religious belief is free and there is little unreasonable restriction about religion. However, some countries still enforce religious laws. 2. What did I learn The above class gave us a thorough understanding of religious sociology. It was discovered that religious people had a higher fertility rate than non-religious people...

 1. Summary The above lecture explains the definition of religion and the concept of religious sociology. To briefly explain religion, religion is one of the important elements in understanding information sociology. One of the known definitions of religion is that of Emile Durkheim. He says that justice depends on the distinction between sacred and blasphemy, and that the sacred element of modern society is what constitutes religion. Another definition of religion among sociologists sees religion as an attempt to answer existential questions. This is a view that values the function of religion, and they think religion has a specific purpose. 2. What did I learn As I studied the definition of religion, I learned that there can be many different views on how to define religion. For example, it was surprising that certain objects were considered sacred by some people, but in Judaism or other religions, they were treated as reverent. In defining religion, I learned that there could be...

1. Summary: This class talks about copyright, copywriting, copywriting, and the free culture movement. Free culture refers to a social movement that freely distributes and modifies other people's creations. The content is freely available through the Internet or other media. The movement is similar to CopyLeft, and it is against excessive copyrighting of creations. It aims to create new creations and improve the quality of information through the sharing of information. An example related to copywriting, another perspective of copyright, is Disney. Disney valued the copyright of many trademarks, including the Mickey Mouse character, and has been striving to strengthen it. This has made it impossible for anyone to use Disney's trademarks made over the past 100 years. From this, we can see that it is necessary to protect the copyright of intellectual property, but excessive copyright laws can be a problem for knowledge sharing. 2. What did I learn: Through this lecture, I was abl...

  1. Summary: This lecture explains the concept and definition of culture, the meaning of objects according to culture, and attitudes toward culture. It is not just biological factors that determine who we are, but culture also contributes. Culture represents the social aspect of humans and basically refers to all lifestyles learned and transmitted by humans. Through culture, people coexist with others by giving meaning to their lives and forming a sense of belonging. There are largely self-culturalism and cultural relativism in attitudes toward culture. The big difference between the two is the presence or absence of an attitude to evaluate culture. Cultural relativism understands different cultures, considers each country's social atmosphere, and respects that culture. 2. What did I learn: What was most interesting was the difference in views of different countries on cattle. In the United States, beef is easily available in many grocery stores, and they enjoy eating it. However,...