W13.2 May 31(Fri) -ZHANG RUIQING(장서청)

1. Summary

People's perceptions of sex as well as gender have a profound impact on individuals and society. For individuals, a person's perception of their self-identity and mental health has important implications. If a person's gender identity does not match their biological sex, it may cause gender anxiety or gender dysphoria. Sexual orientation (e.g., heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, etc.) is likewise an important part of an individual's identity. Identifying with and accepting one's sexual orientation is critical to an individual's mental health and well-being. Societal attitudes towards sexuality and gender can lead to individuals experiencing psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and lowered self-esteem. An accepting and supportive social environment can help individuals better cope with these challenges and promote mental health. For society, perceptions of sex and gender affect social structures and norms. Gender roles and norms shape social structures and culture to a large extent. For example, traditional gender roles can lead to a gendered division of labour, wage gaps and occupational bias. Breaking down gender stereotypes and norms can promote gender equality and social inclusion.

2. Interesting points

The conclusion that ‘the study found that gender differences in jobs and careers begin with the first job of adolescents: the first job is clearly influenced by gender’ reveals that gender differences are apparent at an early stage of a person's career and have a profound effect on their subsequent career development. Social and cultural gender stereotypes have a significant impact on adolescents' career choices and employment opportunities. Boys and girls may be encouraged to enter different fields based on traditional gender role expectations, for example, boys are directed to technical or engineering jobs and girls to nursing or education jobs. Girls may lack confidence in choosing traditionally male-dominated fields due to societal and familial emphasis on gender differences, while boys may face a similar situation in female-dominated fields. The first job has an important foundational role in subsequent career paths and development opportunities. If adolescents' first job is gender-impacted, it may limit their opportunities for future exploration and development, leading to gender disparities in career choices and advancement. Secondly, if adolescents choose a career that does not match their interests and abilities, simply because of the influence of gender expectations, it may lead to lower career satisfaction and even affect mental health.

3. Questions

What should be the response of people and society to problems such as ‘gender differences in jobs and occupations begin with the first job of adolescents: the first job is clearly affected by gender’?

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