W9.2 Ma Chenxiao마신소

 Deviance is behavior that violates cultural norms, which can be formal (violating laws) or informal (violating social norms not codified into law). Cultural norms are relative and vary across societies.

Theories of deviance include psychological and biological explanations, social-strain typology (Merton's typology), structural-functionalism, conflict theory, and labeling theory.

  • Psychological and biological explanations suggest that factors such as brain structure or evolutionary pressures may contribute to deviant behavior.
  • Merton's social-strain typology categorizes deviance based on motivations and beliefs regarding cultural goals and means of attainment.
  • Structural-functionalism views deviance as serving to clarify societal boundaries, promote social unity, and sometimes drive societal change.
  • Conflict theory highlights power imbalances in defining and addressing deviance, such as the underreporting and underprosecution of white-collar crimes.
  • Labeling theory suggests that individuals become deviant when labeled as such by society, leading them to adopt deviant behaviors and identities.

Crime statistics, though imperfect, provide insights into the extent and nature of criminal activity. However, they only represent reported crimes, which are a fraction of actual occurrences. Incarceration rates in the U.S. are notably high, attributed to punitive criminal justice practices, with some estimates suggesting a significant number of wrongful convictions.

Overall, the study of deviance encompasses a broad range of behaviors and theories, shedding light on societal norms, power dynamics, and the functioning of criminal justice systems.

Crime Statistics and Incarceration Rates: Describes the high incarceration rates in the United States and the controversy over wrongful convictions. This highlights issues in the criminal justice system, such as whether sentences are unduly harsh and whether there are fairness issues in the administration of justice.


Discussions of crime statistics and incarceration rates raise questions about the criminal justice system. We can think about issues in the criminal justice system, such as whether different types of crimes are treated fairly, and how to improve the fairness and efficiency of the justice system.

Comments

  1. 진화빙June 3, 2024 at 11:33 PM

    Strengthen professional ethics education for judicial personnel to ensure fair judgment. Promote judicial reform, improve the judicial system, and achieve judicial independence. Strengthen supervision of trial procedures to ensure judicial openness and transparency.

    ReplyDelete

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