W9.2 JuYoung Lee(이주영)

1.SUMMARY)

Deviance refers to any behavior that violates cultural norms.

Here, norms are social expectations that guide human behavior.

Deviance such as crime involves breaking the law, so it's termed formal deviance.

Informal deviance refers to the violation of informal norms.

Psychological and biological explanations attribute the cause of deviance to differences in brain structure, which are present in childhood and adolescence.

Structural functionalism argues that deviant behavior plays an important role in society.

Firstly, deviance helps distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

Moreover, deviance that does not fit with the current norms is considered a means for society to change over time.

In the United States, the proportion of innocent individuals wrongly convicted of crimes is estimated to range from 1% to 9%, meaning tens of thousands of prisoners could be innocent.

While the U.S. has the third-largest population globally, it has the highest proportion of its population in prison.

Gender differences can also be observed in crime, with men being more likely than women to commit violent crimes.

2.INTERESTING)

According to conflict theory, white-collar crimes are typically committed by individuals in higher social classes, and examples of white-collar crimes include antitrust violations, tax evasion, insider trading, bribery and corruption, counterfeiting, money laundering, embezzlement, and so on.

Due to such white-collar crimes, the United States incurs annual losses of $50 billion from healthcare fraud, tens of billions of dollars from corporate crime, and tens of billions of dollars from money laundering, and so forth... Massive amounts of money are being lost, which made me find it interesting and problematic that such white-collar crimes are not tracked as clearly as conventional crimes.

3.QUESTION)

The term "white-collar crime" is not solely defined in the text as crimes committed by individuals in higher social classes.

Where did the term "white-collar crime" originate, and what exactly does it mean?

From what I've found, white-collar crime refers to financially motivated, non-violent crimes committed by individuals in positions of power, such as corporate and government professionals.

This was initially defined by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation."

Comments

  1. YeonWooJungMay 9, 2024 at 5:02 PM

    I found it to be a 'criminal act committed by a person in a managerial and leadership position in each aspect of society in the course of his or her job by using his or her job position'. In Korean terms, it is also considered as '직권남용'.

    ReplyDelete

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