W9-2 May 3 (Fri)

 1. Summary

Deviation refers to engaging in behaviors that go against societal norms. Deviation can be broadly categorized into two types: formal deviation and informal deviation. Deviance theory is an important concept in sociology, developed by Robert K. Merton, which argues that individuals have a tendency to use various means to achieve socially accepted goals. These goals may relate to social success, happiness, or satisfaction, and may include financial success or social status. However, sometimes the means adopted to achieve these goals may not be socially accepted or may be unethical. Therefore, individuals may sometimes engage in behavior that deviates from societal norms. This theory suggests that social contradictions or discrepancies can lead individuals to engage in deviant behavior, with contradictions referring to situations where individuals lack or have limited means to achieve socially adopted goals. This theory is widely used in the fields of sociology and criminology and plays an important role in developing policies and strategies to understand and improve social issues. Different social theories have varying perspectives on deviance. Functionalism sees deviance as playing an important role in society by distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Conflict theory views deviance as stemming from dissatisfaction with the ruling class, with deviance arising from resistance against the dominant class by the subordinate class.



2. Interesting Point

It was intriguing to note that deviance doesn't simply arise from one-dimensional factors. Deviance occurs due to the complex interaction of various societal factors, making it difficult to prevent. Nonetheless, I believe that minimizing deviance is essential for maintaining normal social functioning. It's fascinating how different social theories define and propose solutions to deviance differently, showcasing varying perspectives on understanding and addressing social issues.



3. Question

While it hasn't been mentioned here, as far as I know, there's also the Labeling Theory within the realm of deviance theory. The Labeling Theory, proposed by Howard S. Becker, is a theory concerning the biases and discrimination faced by individuals or groups considered as social minorities. This theory categorizes labels into three types: visible labels (based on appearance), reversible labels (based on behavior or situation), and gender labels (prejudice against specific groups). Labels are perceived as deviating from social norms, leading to social exclusion and discrimination against the individual or group. Becker studied how labeled individuals perceive and cope with their situation, often influencing their efforts to protect their identity and seek social acceptance. I'd like to discuss how other students perceive this Labeling Theory and engage in a discussion about it.

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