W12.2 May 24 (Fri) Kim da young

summary
Social stratification refers to the classification of people into groups in society based on socioeconomic factors such as wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social, political). This is a hierarchy within groups that grants different levels of authority. Thus, stratification is the relative social position of individuals within a social group, category, geographic area, or social unit.

In modern Western society, social class is defined as three social classes: upper class, middle class, and lower class. In turn, each class can be subdivided into upper tier, middle tier, and lower tier. Social classes can also be formed based on kinship, clan, tribe, caste, or all four.

Classification of people according to social class occurs most clearly in complex state-based, polycentric, or feudal societies, the latter of which are based on socioeconomic relations between the aristocratic and peasant classes. Whether social stratification first emerged in hunter-gatherer, tribal, and band societies, or in agriculture and other means of large-scale social exchange, remains a matter of debate in the social sciences. Determining social class structure arises from status inequality between individuals, so the degree of social inequality determines an individual's social class. In general, the greater the social complexity of a society, the more social classes exist through social differentiation.

Stratification can have a variety of results. For example, regional stratification based on spatial and racial factors may influence differences in access to mortgage credit.

Interesting point
“Social stratification” is a concept used in social science to describe the relative social position of people belonging to a particular social group, category, geographic region, or other social unit. It is derived from the Latin strātum (plural 'strata', parallel, horizontal layers), which refers to the classification of people into socioeconomic class ranks in a particular society based on factors such as wealth, income, social status, occupation and power. In modern Western societies, stratification often broadly divides social classes into three major classes: upper class, middle class, and lower class. Each of these classes can be subdivided into smaller classes (e.g. "upper middle"). Social classes may also be depicted based on kinship or caste relationships.

The concept of social stratification is often used and interpreted differently within a particular theory. For example, in sociology, proponents of behavioral theory have suggested that social stratification is common in developed societies, and that a ruling class may be necessary to maintain social order and provide a stable social structure. Conflict theories such as Marxism point to the inaccessibility of resources and lack of social mobility found in stratified societies. Many sociological theorists have criticized the fact that the working class has little chance of socioeconomic advancement, while the wealthy tend to hold political power that they use to exploit the proletariat (working class). American sociologist Talcott Parsons argued that stability and social order are partly regulated by universal values. While such values ​​are not the same as ‘consensus’, they can actually be a driving force in social conflict, as they have been many times throughout history. Parsons never claimed that universal values ​​in themselves “satisfy” the functional prerequisites of society. In reality, social formation is a much more complex systematization of new historical factors. Theorists such as Ralf Dahrendorf alternately point to the tendency for the middle class to expand in modern Western societies due to the need for an educated workforce in a technological economy. Various social and political perspectives on globalization, including dependency theory, suggest that these effects are due to changes in the status of Third World workers.

Things to discuss
What is social stratification?

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