W10.2 JuYoung Lee(이주영)

1-SUMMARY) 
One example of a social structure is the concept of "social stratification," which refers to the division of society into different levels (strata) based on social distinctions such as race, class, disability, or gender. Within various social structures, an individual's social treatment can be understood in relation to their background. A social system can be viewed as a higher system encompassing various embedded systems.

The study of social structure has provided insights into institutions, culture, agents, social interactions, and history. Scholars like Alexis de Tocqueville, Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, Max Weber, Ferdinand Tönnies, and Emile Durkheim have developed concepts of social structure.

Marx explained the relationship between economic base and superstructure, while Tönnies introduced the concept of social will. Durkheim distinguished between mechanical and organic solidarity to define social structures. Georg Simmel analyzed various social relations, while in the 20th century, perspectives from Claude Lévi-Strauss's structuralism, Marxism, functionalism, and Talcott Parsons all contributed to social structure research.

Anthony Giddens’s structuration theory and Pierre Bourdieu’s practice theory explain the relationship between structure and agency. Recent research from Margaret Archer, Tom R. Burns, and Immanuel Wallerstein has brought more sophistication to social structure research.

There are beliefs that social structures develop naturally and those that see them as socially constructed. The former perspective claims that structures arise from the demands of social systems, while the latter believes that structures form from power maintenance and economic systems. Social structures and human agents co-evolve, with human actions both being influenced by and capable of altering institutional structures.

2-INTERESTING)

The co-evolution of social structure and human agency reveals that society is not solely determined by external factors, but can be continuously changed and adjusted through human actions and choices. This aspect is intriguing.

3-QUESTIOIN)

Emile Durkheim proposed the theory of mechanical and organic solidarity. How is Durkheim's theory of mechanical and organic solidarity being realized today?

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