W8.2 April 26 (Fri) Kim da young

 1.SUMMARY

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy.While all types of organizations have governance, the government term is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations.The main types of modern political systems recognized are democracies, totalitarian regimes, and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with a variety of hybrid regimes. Modern classification system also include monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three.Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, and tyranny. These forms are not always mutually exclusive, and mixed governments are common. The main aspect of any philosophy of government is how political power is obtained, with the two main forms being electoral contest and hereditary succession.

2.Impressive points, interesting points

The moment and place in which the phenomenon of human government developed is lost in time. However, history records the formation of early governments. About 5,000 years ago, the first small city-states were born. From the 3rd to the 2nd millennium BC, some of these developed into larger dominions, including Sumer, Ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley Civilization, and the Yellow River Civilization.One reason that explains the emergence of government involves agriculture. After the Neolithic Revolution, agriculture was an efficient way to produce food surplus. This allowed people to specialize in non-agricultural activities. Some of these included the ability to rule over others as an external authority. Others included social experiments using different governance models. Both of these activities formed the basis of government. These governments gradually became more complex as agriculture supported larger and more dense populations, creating new interactions and social pressures that governments had to control. David Christian explains As agricultural populations clustered into larger, denser communities, interactions between different groups increased and social pressures increased, causing new structures and new levels of complexity to suddenly emerge, in a striking parallel to star formation. Like stars, cities and countries reorganize and energize smaller objects within their gravitational fields.Another explanation includes the need to properly manage infrastructure projects such as water infrastructure. Historically, this required centralized management and complex social organization, as seen in regions such as Mesopotamia. [However, there is archaeological evidence showing similar success in more equal, decentralized, and complex societies. 

3.Points to discuss

What does politics mean to humans?