W8.2 April 26 (Fri) -- Kim Eunseon

 1.Summary

The term government is used in various ways. It can refer to the governing body of a country, which includes all organs such as the executive branch, legislative branch, and judiciary. It can also refer to only the executive branch excluding the legislative branch and the judicial branch. It also refers only to the president of the Republic of Korea, who has actual administrative power in the country.

In countries where the separation of powers between the three branches of the executive branch, legislature, and judiciary was mentioned above, the form of government is differentiated depending on how the powers are separated. However, it is a common issue in all countries that the judiciary must be kept as independent as possible. Conversely, the separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches varies greatly between countries. Let's look at the cases of the United States and the United Kingdom. The difference is that the US has a presidential system and the UK has a parliamentary system. The US presidential system strictly maintains the separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches, while the UK adheres to the principle of separation of powers, but promotes interdependence by integrating the cabinet into the National Assembly.

Korea's form of government is a unique form of government that combines the characteristics of the American presidential system, the permanent parliamentary system, and the French dual government system. In other words, the president, who is the head of state of the Republic of Korea and represents the nation, not only has actual administrative authority but also has the obligation to maintain the continuity of the nation. He also presides over the Council of Ministers, a constitutionally required body.


2. Interesting points

In order to understand the characteristics of the form of government, it is said that it is necessary to focus on the differences depending on the separation of powers between legislation, administration, and judiciary. I simply thought about the big framework of democracy, republicanism, and totalitarianism, but was surprised that the element of separation of powers was the most distinct feature. Also, I thought that Korea's government model only imitated the US presidential system, but it was interesting to see that it also applied the unexpected government forms of France and Britain.


3. discussion

Each country has different forms of government. Which form of government would be the most positive and effective, and is there a country with the same form of government as our country?

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