[W3.1] Scientific method - Shim ChaeYeon(심채연)

 1) Summary

Scientific methods are techniques used to study phenomena, build new knowledge, or gather and integrate previous knowledge, and are the process of revealing the principle of phenomena using evidence based on experience and measurement. Since it is not standardized as one, various processes are used.

Scientific methods have been in place for over a thousand years since Al-Haitham to this day. At the end of the 19th century, scientific methods were formulated as hypothesis deductive methods, in which hypotheses were established and verified through experiments. Scientific methods are always likely to be disproved and are organized into features such as logical approaches, systematic and empirical hypothesis testing, experiments conducted through control, and systems of objective and valid ideas.

The goal of science is to find out the truth. However, scientific knowledge, unlike myths, has empirical, correctable characteristics, and has the potential to disprove. Scientific research requires an objective approach because beliefs and prejudices can distort the observed facts. It is important to keep the possibility of disprovement open for scientific knowledge, and if it is verified over a long period of time, it can be recognized as a more solid fact.

The basic elements of scientific methods are characterization, hypothesis setting, prediction, and experimentation. Each element is tested for errors through peer evaluation. The process of scientific methods is problem definition, information collection and observation, hypothesis establishment, hypothesis prediction, experiment, data analysis, hypothesis evaluation and correction, result presentation, and revalidation. However, scientific methods are flexibly applied depending on the situation, and they continue to develop through verification and correction.

Scientific communication refers to the process of verifying and disseminating knowledge obtained through scientific methods, and there are systems of evaluation, reproduction, recording, expression techniques, and limitations. Through this communication system, the scientific community promotes the reliability and development of knowledge, filters out false knowledge, and develops.

Philosophy of science and sociology of science promote understanding of the formation and development of scientific knowledge by studying the principles and methods of science. These fields emphasize that scientific discoveries can be caused by chance, and take into account that scientific knowledge is influenced by social, cultural, and historical factors. This provides a deep understanding of the nature and social role of science.

Mathematics is used as an important tool in the development of science. While knowledge in both fields is true in different categories, many phenomena appear to have a mathematical relationship. In order, understanding and analysis are carried out in mathematical methods, and observation and measurement, hypothesis setting, prediction, and experimentation and verification are carried out in scientific methods.


2) something new or interesting

It was interesting to see that human beliefs could distort the observed facts. I thought that the fact that people can confuse or misinterpret facts because of their existing beliefs even when they saw them with their own eyes could explain why humans still believe in religion and mythical stories even now when science has developed. It was also interesting that all scientific theories were discovered by experience and can be disproved at any time. It is an interesting fact that what we have learned so far is naturally a scientific principle, and it will be wrong when a new theory that refutes it emerges. There is a possibility that the laws of the natural world today will be very reversed in the future.


 3) Questions & Discussions

Why do humans have a confirmatory bias? Is this a phenomenon only seen in humans?

In the text, there were many accidental discoveries among scientific discoveries, and luck is also important. Is luck scientifically explainable?

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